In most districts of Britain it is possible to compile lists of plants which show a close degree of association with long-established semi-natural woodland (Peterken 1981). Oxlips, Primula elatior, for example, have been shown to be closely associated with the ancient coppice woods fo East Anglia (Rackham 1980), Hay-scented Fern, Dryopteris aemula, with the relict native woods of western Scotland (Page 1989), and a while host of mosses, liverworts and lichens with the woods of the Atlantic seaboard or the ancient forests and chases of lowland Britain (Ratcliffe 1968; Harding & Rose 1986).